Antibiotic Basics: What They Are and How They Work

Antibiotics are medicines that kill or stop bacteria from growing. They’re not for viruses, so they won’t help with a cold or flu. When a doctor prescribes an antibiotic, it’s because they think bacteria are causing the problem.

There are many types – penicillin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, and more. Each one targets different bacteria, so taking the wrong one won’t work and can cause side effects.

When to Take an Antibiotic

First rule: only use antibiotics if a health professional says you need them. Common infections that often need antibiotics include strep throat, urinary tract infections, and some skin infections. If you have a mild cough or a runny nose, it’s probably a virus, not bacteria.

When you get a prescription, follow the directions exactly. That means taking the full dose at the right times, even if you start feeling better. Stopping early can let the surviving bacteria get tougher, which leads to resistance.

If you’re unsure about a dose, call your pharmacy or doctor. Don’t guess or double up because you missed a dose – just take the next dose when scheduled.

Avoiding Antibiotic Resistance

Resistance happens when bacteria learn to survive antibiotic attacks. It’s a growing problem worldwide, and we all play a part in stopping it.

Don’t keep leftover antibiotics for later use. If you have pills left after finishing a course, give them to a pharmacy for safe disposal.

Never share antibiotics with friends or family. What works for one person might not work for another, and sharing spreads resistant bacteria.

Good hygiene also helps. Wash your hands regularly, especially after using the bathroom or before eating. Clean cuts promptly to stop infections before they need antibiotics.

Vaccines are another tool. Getting shots for flu, pneumonia, and other infections reduces the chance you’ll need antibiotics later.

If you’re on an antibiotic and notice a rash, severe diarrhea, or trouble breathing, call your doctor right away. Those could be signs of an allergic reaction or a serious side effect.

In summary, antibiotics are powerful tools when used correctly. Use them only when prescribed, finish the whole course, and practice good habits to keep bacteria from becoming resistant. By following these simple steps, you protect your health and help keep antibiotics effective for everyone.